These articles have been recommended as excellent sources of educational information. The permission of each varies.

CARPAL BONES

CLASSIC

• Should Acute Scaphoid Fractures Be Fixed? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dias JJ, Wildin CJ, Bhowal B, Thompson JR. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Oct;87(10):2160-8.

• Acute Fractures of the Scaphoid. Ring D, Jupiter JB, Herndon JH. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000 Jul-Aug;8(4):225-31.

• Perilunate Injuries: Diagnosis and Treatment. Kozin SH. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1998 Mar-Apr;6(2):114-20.

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Surgery Versus Cast Immobilisation for Adults With a Bicortical Fracture of the Scaphoid Waist (SWIFFT): A Pragmatic, Multicentre, Open-Label, Randomised Superiority Trial. Dias JJ, Brealey SD, Fairhurst C, Amirfeyz R, Bhowal B, Blewitt N, Brewster M, Brown D, Choudhary S, Coapes C, Cook L, Costa M, Davis T, Di Mascio L, Giddins G, Hedley H, Hewitt C, Hinde S, Hobby J, Hodgson S, Jefferson L, Jeyapalan K, Johnston P, Jones J, Keding A, Leighton P, Logan A, Mason W, McAndrew A, McNab I, Muir L, Nicholl J, Northgraves M, Palmer J, Poulter R, Rahimtoola Z, Rangan A, Richards S, Richardson G, Stuart P, Taub N, Tavakkolizadeh A, Tew G, Thompson J, Torgerson D, Warwick D. Lancet. 2020 Aug 8;396(10248):390-401.

• Carpal fractures. Suh N, Ek ET, Wolfe SW. Carpal fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 2014 Apr;39(4):785-91; quiz 791.
   
• Predictors of Fracture Following Suspected Injury to the Scaphoid. Duckworth AD, Buijze GA, Moran M, Gray A, Court-Brown CM, Ring D, McQueen MM. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012 Jul;94(7):961-8.

• Percutaneous Screw Fixation Versus Conservative Treatment for Fractures of the Waist of the Scaphoid: A Prospective Randomised Study. McQueen MM, Gelbke MK, Wakefield A, Will EM, Gaebler C. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008 Jan;90(1):66-71.

• Cost-Effectiveness of Surgery Versus Cast Immobilization for Adults With a Bicortical Fracture of the Scaphoid Waist: An Economic Evaluation of the SWIFFT Trial. Hinde S, Richardson G, Fairhurst C, Brealey SD, Cook L, Rangan A, Costa ML, Dias JJ. Bone Joint J. 2021 Jul;103-B(7):1277-1283.

• Predictors of Fracture Following Suspected Injury to the Scaphoid. Duckworth AD, Buijze GA, Moran M, Gray A, Court-Brown CM, Ring D, McQueen MM. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012 Jul;94(7):961-8.

• Perilunate Injury Timing and Treatment Options: A Systematic Review. van der Oest MJW, Duraku LS, Artan M, Hundepool CA, Power DM, Rajaratnam V, Zuidam JM. J Wrist Surg. 2021 Oct 5;11(2):164-176.

• Dorsal Spanning Plate for Perilunate Dislocations. Nguyen DM, Boden AL, Allen MK, John T, Knoll GM, Dodds SD. J Wrist Surg. 2021 May 11;11(1):16-20.

• Perilunate Dislocations and Fracture Dislocations. Muppavarapu RC, Capo JT. Hand Clin. 2015 Aug;31(3):399-408.
   
• Acute Nondisplaced Fractures of the Scaphoid  Author: Mohit Bhandari , MD , MSc,* and Beate P. Hanson, MD, MPH† Journal: JOT Volume: Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2004, pp 253-255
   

METACARPAL

CLASSIC

• Intramedullary K-Wire Fixation of Metacarpal Fractures. Kelsch G, Ulrich C. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2004 Oct;124(8):523-6.

• Immediate Mobilization Gives Good Results in Boxer’s Fractures With Volar Angulation up to 70 Degrees: A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Immediate Mobilization With Cast Immobilization. Statius Muller MG, Poolman RW, van Hoogstraten MJ, Steller EP. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2003 Dec;123(10):534-7.

• Operative Treatment of Metacarpal and Phalangeal Shaft Fractures. Kozin SH, Thoder JJ, Lieberman G. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000 Mar-Apr;8(2):111-21.

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• A Systematic Review of Treatment Interventions for Metacarpal Shaft Fractures in Adults. Taha RHM, Grindlay D, Deshmukh S, Montgomery A, Davis TRC, Karantana A. Hand (N Y). 2022 Sep;17(5):869-878.

• A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing the Functional Results of Buddy Taping Versus Closed Reduction and Cast Immobilization in Patients With Fifth Metacarpal Neck Fractures. Martínez-Catalán N, Pajares S, Llanos L, Mahillo I, Calvo E. J Hand Surg Am. 2020 Dec;45(12):1134-1140.

• A Comparative Study of Tensile Strength of Three Operative Fixation Techniques for Metacarpal Shaft Fractures in Adults: A Cadaver Study. Oh JR, Kim DS, Yeom JS, Kang SK, Kim YT. Clin Orthop Surg. 2019 Mar;11(1):120-125.

OTHER

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Fracture Dislocation of the Finger Joints. Shah CM, Sommerkamp TG. J Hand Surg Am. 2014 Apr;39(4):792-802.

• Dorsal Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fracture-Dislocations: Evaluation and Treatment. Adams JE, Calfee RP, Vitale MA, Strauch RJ, Barron OA. Instr Course Lect. 2015;64:261-72.

• Fractures of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints of the Fingers. Ng CY, Oliver CW. Fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009 Jun;91(6):705-12.

• Proximal Phalanx Fracture Management. Lögters TT, Lee HH, Gehrmann S, Windolf J, Kaufmann RA. Hand (N Y). 2018 Jul;13(4):376-383.

• Intramedullary Compression Screw Fixation of Proximal Phalangeal Fractures: A Systematic Literature Review. Sivakumar BS, An VVG, Graham DJ, Ledgard J, Lawson RD, Furniss D. 2022 Jul;17(4):595-601.