These articles have been recommended as excellent sources of educational information. The permission of each varies.

PELVIC RING (CLASSIFICATION/ANATOMY)

CLASSIC

• Pelvic Ring Disruptions: Effective Classification System and Treatment Protocols. Burgess AR, Eastridge BJ, Young JW, et al.  J Trauma. 1990;30(7):848-856.

• Radiologic Evaluation of the Pelvis. Mostafavi HR, Tornetta P 3rd. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Aug;(329):6-14.

• Comparing the Predictive Value of the Pelvic Ring Injury Classification Systems by Tile and by Young and Burgess. Osterhoff G, Scheyerer MJ, Fritz Y, Bouaicha S, Wanner GA, Simmen HP, Werner CM. Injury. 2014 Apr;45(4):742-7.

• Changing Patterns of Pediatric Pelvic Fractures With Skeletal Maturation: Implications for Classification and Management. Silber JS, Flynn JM. J Pediatr Orthop. 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1):22-6.

• Fractures of the Pelvis in Children. Rieger H, Brug E. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997 Mar;(336):226-39.

• Biomechanical Simulation of the Anteroposterior Compression Injury of the Pelvis. An Understanding of Instability and Fixation. Simonian PT, Routt ML Jr, Harrington RM, et al. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994 Dec;(309):245-56.

• Corona Mortis. Incidence and Location. Tornetta P 3rd, Hochwald N, Levine R. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Aug;(329):97-101.

 

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Young-Burgess Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures: Does It Predict Mortality, Transfusion Requirements, and Non-Orthopaedic Injuries? Manson T, O'Toole RV, Whitney A, Duggan B, Sciadini M, Nascone J. J Orthop Trauma. 2010 Oct;24(10):603-9.

•  Radiographic Quantification and Analysis of Dysmorphic Upper Sacral Osseous Anatomy and Associated Iliosacral Screw Insertions. Conflitti JM, Graves ML, Chip Routt ML Jr. J Orthop Trauma. 2010 Oct;24(10):630-6.

• Bone Density of First and Second Segments of Normal and Dysmorphic Sacra. Radley JM, Hill BW, Nicolaou DA, Huebner SB, Napier KB, Salazar DH. J Orthop Traumatol. 2020 May 25;21(1):6.

• Do Safe Radiographic Sacral Screw Pathways Exist in a Pediatric Patient Population and Do They Change With Age? Burn M, Gary JL, Holzman M, Heydemann JA, Munz JW, Galpin M, Ambrose CG, Achor TS, Kumaravel M. J Orthop Trauma. 2016 Jan;30(1):41-7.

• Safe Zone Quantification of the Third Sacral Segment in Normal and Dysmorphic Sacra. Hwang JS, Reilly MC, Shaath MK, Changoor S, Eastman J, Routt MLC, Sirkin MS, Adams MR. J Orthop Trauma. 2018 Apr;32(4):178-182.

• Examination Under Anesthetic for Occult Pelvic Ring Instability. Sagi HC, Coniglione FM, Stanford JH. J Orthop Trauma. 2011 Sep;25(9):529-36.

• Classifications in Brief: The Denis Classification of Sacral Fractures. Rizkalla JM, Lines T, Nimmons S. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2019 Sep;477(9):2178-2181.
  
  
  
  
  

PELVIC RING (SACRUM)

CLASSIC

• Long-Term Functional Prognosis of Posterior Injuries in High-Energy Pelvic Disruption. Dujardin FH, Hossenbaccus M, Duparc F, Biga N, Thomine JM. J Orthop Trauma. 1998 Mar-Apr;12(3):145-50; discussion 150-1.

• Iliosacral Screw Fixation: Early Complications of the Percutaneous Technique. Routt ML Jr, Simonian PT, Mills WJ. J Orthop Trauma. 1997;11(8):584-589.

• Internal Fixation of Unstable Pelvic Ring Injuries. Matta JM, Tornetta P III. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;329:129-140.

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Percutaneous Stabilization of U-Shaped Sacral Fractures Using Iliosacral Screws: Technique and Early Results. Nork SE, Jones CB, Harding SP, Mirza SK, Routt ML Jr. J Orthop Trauma. 2001 May;15(4):238-46.

• Variations in Sacral Morphology and Implications for Iliosacral Screw Fixation. Miller AN, Routt ML Jr. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012 Jan;20(1):8-16.

• Sacral Fractures. Samir Mehta , MD , Joshua D. Auerbach, MD, Christopher T. Born, MD, and Kingsley R. Chin, MD Journal: JAAOS Volume: Vol. 14, No. 12, November 2006, pp 656-665

• Technical Aspects and Recommended Treatment Algorithms in Triangular Osteosynthesis and Spinopelvic Fixation for Vertical Shear Transforaminal Sacral Fractures. Sagi HC. J Orthop Trauma. 2009 May-Jun;23(5):354-60.

• Negative Stress Examination Under Anesthesia Reliably Predicts Pelvic Ring Union Without Displacement. Whiting PS, Auston D, Avilucea FR, Ross D, Archdeacon M, Sciadini M, Collinge CA, Sagi HC, Mir HR. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Apr;31(4):189-193.

• Bilateral Sacral Ala Fractures Are Strongly Associated With Lumbopelvic Instability. Bishop JA, Dangelmajer S, Corcoran-Schwartz I, Gardner MJ, Routt MLC Jr, Castillo TN. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Dec;31(12):636-639.

• Percutaneous Placement of Iliosacral Screws Without Electrodiagnostic Monitoring. Gardner MJ, Farrell ED, Nork SE, et al. J Trauma. 2009 May;66(5):1411-5.

• Diagnosis and Management of Sacral Spine Fractures. Vaccaro AR, Kim DH, Brodke DS, Harris M, Chapman JR, Schildhauer T, Routt ML, Sasso RC. Instr Course Lect. 2004;53:375-85.

 

LATERAL COMPRESSION

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Fixation Strategy Using Sequential Intraoperative Examination Under Anesthesia for Unstable Lateral Compression Pelvic Ring Injuries Reliably Predicts Union with Minimal Displacement. Avilucea FR, Archdeacon MT, Collinge CA, Sciadini M, Sagi HC, Mir HR. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018 Sep 5;100(17):1503-1508.

• Is Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation of Unstable Posterior Ring Injuries as Accurate as Open Reduction and Internal Fixation? Lindsay A, Tornetta P 3rd, Diwan A, Templeman D. J Orthop Trauma. 2016 Jan;30(1):29-33.

• A Prospective Clinical Trial Comparing Surgical Fixation Versus Nonoperative Management of Minimally Displaced Complete Lateral Compression Pelvis Fractures. Slobogean GP, Gaski GE, Nascone J, Sciadini MF, Natoli RM, Manson TT, Lebrun C, McKinley T, Virkus WW, Sorkin AT, Brown K, Howe A, Rudnicki J, Enobun B, O'Hara NN, Gill J, O'Toole RV. J Orthop Trauma. 2021 Nov 1;35(11):592-598.

• Sacral Fracture Completeness in Lateral Compression Type 1 Pelvic Ring Injuries Has Weak Interobserver Reliability. Hadeed M, Strage K, Heare A, Stacey SC, Mauffrey C, Parry JA. J Orthop Trauma. 2021 Dec 1;35(12):650-653.

• The Lateral Stress Radiograph: An Effective Alternative to Examination Under Anesthesia for Identifying Occult Instability in Minimally Displaced Lateral Compression Pelvic Ring Injuries. Tucker NJ, Heare A, Stacey SC, Mauffrey C, Parry JA. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023 Jul;33(5):1965-1971.

• Comparing Emergency Department Stress of Lateral Compression Type 1 Pelvis Fractures With a Validated Instability Scoring System. Dekeyser GJ, Kellam PJ, Higgins TF, Haller JM, Rothberg DL, Marchand LS. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2023 Apr 15;31(8):e451-e458.

• OTA Highlight Paper Predicting Future Displacement of Nonoperatively Managed Lateral Compression Sacral Fractures: Can It Be Done? Bruce B, Reilly M, Sims S. J Orthop Trauma. 2011 Sep;25(9):523-7.
  

APC

CLASSIC

• Anterior Versus Posterior Provisional Fixation in the Unstable Pelvis. A Biomechanical Comparison. Simonian PT, Routt ML Jr, Harrington RM, Tencer AF. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995 Jan;(310):245-51.

• Biomechanical Simulation of the Anteroposterior Compression Injury of the Pelvis. An Understanding of Instability and Fixation. Simonian PT, Routt ML Jr, Harrington RM, Mayo KA, Tencer AF. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994 Dec;(309):245-56.

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Does Posterior Fixation of Partially Unstable Open-Book Pelvic Ring Injuries Decrease Symphyseal Plate Failure? A Biomechanical Study. Metz RM, Bledsoe JG, Moed BR. J Orthop Trauma. 2018 Feb;32 Suppl 1:S18-S24.

• Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of a Traumatic Diastasis of the Pubic Symphysis: One-Year Radiological and Functional Outcomes. Putnis SE, Pearce R, Wali UJ, Bircher MD, Rickman MS. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Jan;93(1):78-84.

PELVIC RING (SYMPHYSIS)

CLASSIC

• Pelvic Ring Disruptions With Symphysis Pubis Diastasis. Indications, Technique, and Limitations of Anterior Internal Fixation. Lange RH, Hansen ST Jr. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985 Dec;(201):130-7.

• Internal Fixation of the Unstable Anterior Pelvic Ring: A Biomechanical Comparison of Standard Plating Techniques and the Retrograde Medullary Superior Pubic Ramus Screw. Simonian PT, Routt ML Jr, Harrington RM, Tencer AF. J Orthop Trauma. 1994 Dec;8(6):476-82.

• The Retrograde Medullary Superior Pubic Ramus Screw for the Treatment of Anterior Pelvic Ring Disruptions: A New Technique. Routt ML Jr, Simonian PT, Grujic L. J Orthop Trauma. 1995 Feb;9(1):35-44.
  

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Rami Comminution Is Associated With Displacement of Minimally Displaced Lateral Compression Type 1 Injuries on Lateral Stress Radiographs. Hadeed MM, Tucker NJ, Heare A, Mauffrey C, Parry JA. J Orthop Trauma. 2022 Oct 1;36(10):489-493.

• The Pubic Midline Exposure for Symphyseal Open Reduction and Plate Fixation. Adams MR, Scolaro JA, Routt ML Jr. J Orthop Traumatol. 2014 Sep;15(3):195-9.

• Comparative Radiographic and Clinical Outcome of Two-hole and Multi-hole Symphyseal Plating. Sagi HC, Papp S. J Orthop Trauma. 2008;22(6):373-378.

• A Biomechanical Comparison of Superior Ramus Plating Versus Intramedullary Screw Fixation for Unstable Lateral Compression Pelvic Ring Injuries. Hempen EC, Wheatley BM, Schimoler PJ, Kharlamov A, Melvin PR, Miller MC, Altman GT, Altman DT, Westrick ER. A biomechanical comparison of superior ramus plating versus intramedullary screw fixation for unstable lateral compression pelvic ring injuries^,,. Injury. 2022 Dec;53(12):3899-3903.

PELVIC RING (POLYTRAUMA)
 

CLASSIC

• Pelvic Fracture in Multiple Trauma: Classification by Mechanism is Key to Pattern of Organ Injury, Resuscitative Requirements, and Outcome. Dalal SA, Burgess AR, Siegel JH, et al. J Trauma. 1989 Jul;29(7):981-1000; discussion 1000-2.

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Current Management of Hemorrhage From Severe Pelvic Fractures: Results of an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multi-Institutional Trial. Costantini TW, Coimbra R, Holcomb JB, Podbielski JM, Catalano R, Blackburn A, Scalea TM, Stein DM, Williams L, Conflitti J, Keeney S, Suleiman G, Zhou T, Sperry J, Skiada D, Inaba K, Williams BH, Minei JP, Privette A, Mackersie RC, Robinson BR, Moore FO; AAST Pelvic Fracture Study Group. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 May;80(5):717-23; discussion 723-5.

• Preperitonal Pelvic Packing for Hemodynamically Unstable Pelvic Fractures: A Paradigm Shift. Cothren CC, Osborn PM, Moore EE, Morgan SJ, Johnson JL, Smith WR. J Trauma. 2007 Apr;62(4):834-9; discussion 839-42.

• Association Between Hemorrhage Control Interventions and Mortality in US Trauma Patients With Hemodynamically Unstable Pelvic Fractures. Anand T, El-Qawaqzeh K, Nelson A, Hosseinpour H, Ditillo M, Gries L, Castanon L, Joseph B. JAMA Surg. 2023 Jan 1;158(1):63-71.

• Accurate Placement of a Pelvic Binder Improves Reduction of Unstable Fractures of the Pelvic Ring. Bonner TJ, Eardley WG, Newell N, Masouros S, Matthews JJ, Gibb I, Clasper JC. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Nov;93(11):1524-8.

• Examination Under Anesthetic for Occult Pelvic Ring Instability. Sagi HC, Coniglione FM, Stanford JH. J Orthop Trauma. 2011 Sep;25(9):529-36.

• Auditing 655 Fatalities with Pelvic Fractures by Autopsy as a Basis to Evaluate Trauma Care. Papadopoulos IN, Kanakaris N, Bonovas S, et al. J Am Coll Surg. 2006 Jul;203(1):30-43.

• Current Management of Hemorrhage From Severe Pelvic Fractures: Results of an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multi-Institutional Trial. Costantini TW, Coimbra R, Holcomb JB, Podbielski JM, Catalano R, Blackburn A, Scalea TM, Stein DM, Williams L, Conflitti J, Keeney S, Suleiman G, Zhou T, Sperry J, Skiada D, Inaba K, Williams BH, Minei JP, Privette A, Mackersie RC, Robinson BR, Moore FO; AAST Pelvic Fracture Study Group. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 May;80(5):717-23; discussion 723-5.

• Pelvic Fracture Patterns and Their Corresponding Angiographic Sources of Hemorrhage. Author: Metz CM, Hak DJ, Goulet JA, et al. Orthop Clin North Am. 2004 Oct;35(4):431-7

• Predicting Blood Loss in Isolated Pelvic and Acetabular High-Energy Trauma. Magnussen RA, Tressler MA, Obremskey WT, Kregor PJ. J Orthop Trauma. 2007 Oct;21(9):603-7.

• Innominosacral Dissociation: Mechanism of Injury as a Predictor of Resuscitation Requirements, Morbidity, and Mortality. Whitbeck MG Jr, Zwally HJ 2nd, Burgess AR. J Orthop Trauma. 2006 Jan;20(1 Suppl):S57-63.

• Circumferential Pelvic Antishock Sheeting: A Temporary Resuscitation Aid.  M.L. Chip Routt, Jr., Alexis Falicov, Emma Woodhouse, and Thomas A Schildhauer Journal: JOT Volume: Vol. 20, No. 1 Supp, Jan 2006, pp S3-S6

• Association Between Young-Burgess Pelvic Ring Injury Classification and Concomitant Injuries Requiring Urgent Intervention. Coleman JR, Moore EE, Vintimilla DR, Parry J, Nelson JT, Samuels JM, Sauaia A, Cohen MJ, Burlew CC, Mauffrey C. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020 Nov-Dec;11(6):1099-1103.
    

ACETABULUM

CLASSIC

• Fractures of the Acetabulum: Classification and Surgical Approaches for Open Reduction. Preliminary Report. Judet R, Judet J, Letournel E.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1964 Dec;46:1615-46.
  

• The Computerized Tomography Subchondral Arc: A New Method of Assessing Acetabular Articular Continuity After Fracture (A Preliminary Report). Olson SA, Matta JM. J Orthop Trauma. 1993;7(5):402-13.

• Biomechanical Evaluation of Transverse Acetabular Fracture Fixation. Shazar N, Brumback RJ, Novak VP, Belkoff SM. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998 Jul;(352):215-22.

• Indomethacin Compared With Localized Irradiation for the Prevention of Heterotopic Ossification Following Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fractures. Burd TA, Lowry KJ, Anglen JO. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 Dec;83(12):1783-8.

• Double-Crush Syndrome After Acetabular Fractures. A Sign of Poor Prognosis. Giannoudis PV, Da Costa AA, Raman R, Mohamed AK, Smith RM. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005 Mar;87(3):401-7.

• Acetabular Fracture Fixation via a Modified Stoppa Limited Intrapelvic Approach. Description of Operative Technique and Preliminary Treatment Results. Author: Cole JD, Bolhofner BR. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994 Aug;(305):112-23.

• The Anterior Intra-Pelvic (Modified Rives-Stoppa) Approach for Fixation of Acetabular Fractures. Sagi HC, Afsari A, Dziadosz D. J Orthop Trauma. 2010 May;24(5):263-70.

• Fractures of the Acetabulum. Early Results of a Prospective Study. Matta JM, Mehne DK, Roffi R. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986 Apr;(205):241-50.

• Non-operative Management of Acetabular Fractures. The Use of Dynamic Stress Views. Tornetta P 3rd.   J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999 Jan;81(1):67-70

CURRENT EVIDENCE

 

• Use of the Obturator-Outlet Oblique View To Guide Percutaneous Retrograde Posterior Column Screw Placement. Wright RD Jr, Hamilton DA Jr, Moghadamian ES, Bruce BT, Selby JB. J Orthop Trauma. 2013 Jun;27(6):e141-3.

• Indomethacin Prophylaxis for Heterotopic Ossification After Acetabular Fracture Surgery Increases the Risk for Nonunion of the Posterior Wall. Sagi HC, Jordan CJ, Barei DP, Serrano-Riera R, Steverson B.   J Orthop Trauma. 2014 Jul; 28(7):377-83.

• Obesity, Leukocytosis, Embolization, and Injury Severity Increase the Risk for Deep Postoperative Wound Infection After Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery. Sagi HC, Dziadosz D, Mir H, Virani N, Olson C. J Orthop Trauma. 2013 Jan;27(1):6-10.

• Does Pelvic Embolization Increase Infection Rates in Patients Who Undergo Open Treatment of Acetabular Fractures? Firoozabadi R, Little M, Alton T, Scolaro J, Agel J, Kogut M. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Apr;31(4):185-188.

• Functional Outcomes of Elderly Patients With Nonoperatively Treated Acetabular Fractures That Meet Operative Criteria. Ryan SP, Manson TT, Sciadini MF, et al. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Dec;31(12):644-649.

• Acetabular Fractures in the Elderly: A Critical Analysis Review. Manson T, Schmidt AH. JBJS Rev. 2016 Oct 4;4(10):e1.

• Two to Twenty-year Survivorship of the Hip in 810 Patients with Operatively Treated Acetabular Fractures. Tannast M, Najibi S, Matta JM. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Sep 5; 94(17):1559-67.

• Long-Term Survival and Risk Factors for Failure of the Native Hip Joint After Operatively Treated Displaced Acetabular Fractures. Clarke-Jenssen J, Røise O, Storeggen SAØ, Madsen JE. Bone Joint J. 2017 Jun;99-B(6):834-840.

• The Ilioinguinal Approach: State of the Art. Tosounidis TH, Giannoudis VP, Kanakaris NK, Giannoudis PV. JBJS Essent Surg Tech. 2018 Jun 27;8(2):e19. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.ST.16.00101.

• Evolution of the Anterior Intrapelvic (Stoppa) Approach for Acetabular Fracture Surgery. Guy P. J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Feb;29 Suppl 2:S1-5.

• Operative Treatment of Acetabular Fractures Through the Ilioinguinal Approach: A 10-year Perspective. Matta JM. J Orthop Trauma. 2006 Jan;20(1 Suppl):S20-9.

• Postoperative CT Is Superior for Acetabular Fracture Reduction Assessment and Reliably Predicts Hip Survivorship. Verbeek DO, van der List JP, Villa JC, Wellman DS, Helfet DL. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Oct 18;99(20):1745-1752.

• Radiographic Measurement of Displacement in Acetabular Fractures: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Dodd A, Osterhoff G, Guy P, Lefaivre KA. J Orthop Trauma. 2016 Jun;30(6):285-93.

• Determining Stability in Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures. Firoozabadi R, Spitler C, Schlepp C, et al. J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Oct;29(10):465-9.

• Roof-arc Angle and Weight-Bearing Area of the Acetabulum. Chuckpaiwong B, Suwanwong P, Harnroongroj T. Injury. 2009 Oct;40(10):1064-6.
   
• Displaced Acetabular Fractures: Indications for Operative and Nonoperative Management. Tornetta P 3rd. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001 Jan-Feb;9(1):18-28.
   

MISC

CLASSIC

• Pedestrian Pelvic Fractures: 5-Year Experience of a Major Urban Trauma Center. Eastridge BJ, Burgess AR. J Trauma. 1997 Apr;42(4):695-700.

• The Role of External Fixation in Pelvic Disruptions. Kellam JF. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989 Apr;(241):66-82.

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Pelvic Ring Injury Is Associated With Sexual Dysfunction in Women. Vallier HA, Cureton BA, Schubeck D. J Orthop Trauma. 2012 May;26(5):308-13.

• Obesity, Leukocytosis, Embolization, and Injury Severity Increase the Risk for Deep Postoperative Wound Infection After Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery. Sagi HC, Dziadosz D, Mir H, Virani N, Olson C. J Orthop Trauma. 2013 Jan;27(1):6-10.

• Effect of Pelvic Binder Placement on OTA Classification of Pelvic Ring Injuries Using Computed Tomography. Does It Mask the Injury? Swartz J, Vaidya R, Hudson I, Oliphant B, Tonnos F. J Orthop Trauma. 2016 Jun;30(6):325-30.

• Predicting Blood Loss in Isolated Pelvic and Acetabular High-Energy Trauma. Magnussen RA, Tressler MA, Obremskey WT, Kregor PJ. J Orthop Trauma. 2007 Oct;21(9):603-7.

• Combined Acetabulum and Pelvic Ring Injuries. Halvorson JJ, Lamothe J, Martin CR, Grose A, Asprinio DE, Wellman D, Helfet DL. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014 May;22(5):304-14.

• Supplemental S1 Fixation for Type C Pelvic Ring Injuries: Biomechanical Study of a Long Iliosacral Versus a Transsacral Screw. Salari P, Moed BR, Bledsoe JG. J Orthop Traumatol. 2015 Dec;16(4):293-300.

• Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Hemodynamically Unstable Patients With Pelvic Ring Injuries. Marchand LS, Sepehri A, Hannan ZD, Zaidi R, DuBose JJ, Morrison JJ, O'Toole RV, Slobogean GM. J Orthop Trauma. 2022 Feb 1;36(2):74.

• Percutaneous Management of Morel-Lavallee Lesions. Tseng S, Tornetta P 3rd. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Jan;88(1):92-6.

• The Morel-Lavallée Lesion: Diagnosis and Management. Scolaro JA, Chao T, Zamorano DP. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2016 Oct;24(10):667-72.

• Single-Leg-Stance Radiographs in the Diagnosis of Pelvic Instability. Siegel J, Templeman DC, Tornetta P 3rd. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Oct;90(10):2119-25.
   
• Functional Outcomes in Women After High-Energy Pelvic Ring Injury. Vallier HA, Cureton BA, Schubeck D, Wang XF. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26(5):296-301