These articles have been recommended as excellent sources of educational information. The permission of each varies.

DISTAL RADIUS

CLASSIC

• Unstable Colles’ Fractures in Elderly Patients. A Randomised Trial of External Fixation for Redisplacement. Roumen RM, Hesp WL, Bruggink ED. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991 Mar;73(2):307-11.

• Displaced Intra-Articular Fractures of the Distal Aspect of the Radius. Long-Term Results in Young Adults After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation. Catalano LW 3rd, Cole RJ, Gelberman RH, et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997 Sep;79(9):1290-302.

• Complex Articular Fractures of the Distal Radius: Classification and Management. Jesse B. Jupiter, MD Journal: JAAOS Volume: Vol. 5, No. 3, May/June 1997, pp 119-129

• A Prospective Observational Assessment of Unicortical Distal Screw Placement During Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures. Dardas AZ, Goldfarb CA, Boyer MI, Osei DA, Dy CJ, Calfee RP. J Hand Surg Am. 2018 May;43(5):448-454.

• Combined Dorsal and Volar Plate Fixation of Complex Fractures of the Distal Part of the Radius.  David Ring, Karl Prommersberger and Jesse B. Jupiter Journal: JBJS Volume: Vol. 86-A, No. 8, Aug 2004, pp 1646-1652

CURRENT EVIDENCE

•  The Impact of Patient Activity Level on Wrist Disability After Distal Radius Malunion in Older Adults. Nelson GN, Stepan JG, Osei DA, et al. J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Apr;29(4):195-200.

• Association Between Distal Radial Fracture Malunion and Patient-Reported Activity Limitations: A Long-Term Follow-Up. Ali M, Brogren E, Wagner P, Atroshi I. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018 Apr 18;100(8):633-639.

• Dorsal Distraction Plating for Highly Comminuted Distal Radius Fractures. Lee DJ, Elfar JC. J Hand Surg Am. 2015 Feb;40(2):355-7.

• Open Reduction Internal Fixation Versus Percutaneous Pinning With External Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial. Grewal R, MacDermid JC, King GJ, Faber KJ. J Hand Surg Am. 2011 Dec;36(12):1899-906.

• External Fixation Versus Internal Fixation for Unstable Distal Radius Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Clinical Trials. Wei DH, Poolman RW, Bhandari M, et al. J Orthop Trauma. 2012 Jul;26(7):386-94.

• External Fixation versus Open Reduction with Plate Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Esposito J, Schemitsch EH, Saccone M, Sternheim A, Kuzyk PR. Injury. 2013 Apr; 44(4):409-16

• What Is the Relative Effectiveness of the Various Surgical Treatment Options for Distal Radius Fractures? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Woolnough T, Axelrod D, Bozzo A, Koziarz A, Koziarz F, Oitment C, Gyemi L, Gormley J, Gouveia K, Johal H. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021 Feb 1;479(2):348-362.

• A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Nonoperative Treatment with Volar Locking Plate Fixation for Displaced and Unstable Distal Radial Fractures in Patients Sixty-Five Years of Age and Older. Arora R, Lutz M, Deml C, et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011 Dec 7;93(23):2146-53.

• Prediction of Instability in Distal Radial Fractures. Mackenney PJ, McQueen MM, Elton R. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Sep;88(9):1944-51.

• Essential Radiographic Evaluation for Distal Radius Fractures. Medoff RJ. Hand Clin. 2005 Aug;21(3):279-88.
  
  
  

OTHER

CURRENT EVIDENCE

• Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability. Robert M. Szabo, MD, MPH Journal: JBJS Volume: Vol. 88-A, No. 4, April 2006, pp 883-894
   
• Acceleration of Tibia and Distal Radius Fracture Healing in Patients Who Smoke.Stephen D. Cook, PhD*; John P. Ryaby**; Joan McCabe, RN**; John J. Frey, PhD; James D. Heckman, MD; and Thomas K. Kristiansen, MD Journal: CORR Volume: No. 337, pp 198-207, 1997

• Radiocarpal Fracture-Dislocations. Ilyas AM, Mudgal CS. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008 Nov;16(11):647-55.

• Healing of Fracture Nonunions Treated With Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Leighton R, Watson JT, Giannoudis P, Papakostidis C, Harrison A, Steen RG. Injury. 2017 Jul;48(7):1339-1347.